What did God mean by the law of “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” in the Torah? And how did Christ fulfill this law in the Gospel?

It is written in the Book of Exodus: “If men quarrel and hit a pregnant woman, causing her to give birth prematurely but there is no serious injury, the offender must be fined whatever the woman’s husband demands and the court allows. But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.” Here, God establishes a law to protect the weak and vulnerable from harm inflicted by the strong, and to warn the strong that God is present to protect the weak and will avenge them. In this case, the strong are the quarreling men, and the vulnerable is the pregnant woman harmed by their actions. The Old Testament law says, “If there is no injury, the strong are fined as the woman’s husband demands, under the oversight of judges. But if there is harm, the punishment matches the injury.” The purpose was to prevent excessive punishment, especially in moments of anger and rage. So, God limited the punishment to be equal to the loss, no more: “Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.”